{"id":14459,"date":"2025-12-14T10:21:12","date_gmt":"2025-12-14T10:21:12","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/tendify.net\/?p=14459"},"modified":"2026-05-09T06:14:17","modified_gmt":"2026-05-09T06:14:17","slug":"war-risk-insurance-in-iraq","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/tendify.net\/fa\/war-risk-insurance-in-iraq\/","title":{"rendered":"Iraq Contracts: Don&#8217;t Sign Without These War-Risk &#038; Force Majeure Clauses"},"content":{"rendered":"<p dir=\"auto\">\u0645\u0646 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0633\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0630\u0634\u062a\u0647 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u062e\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u200c\u062a\u0631\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062c\u0647\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u0648 \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0686\u06cc\u0632 \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 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srcset=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The-Real-Risks-Exporters-Face-in-Iraq-Contracts-300x201.jpg 300w, https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The-Real-Risks-Exporters-Face-in-Iraq-Contracts-1024x685.jpg 1024w, https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The-Real-Risks-Exporters-Face-in-Iraq-Contracts-768x513.jpg 768w, https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The-Real-Risks-Exporters-Face-in-Iraq-Contracts-18x12.jpg 18w, https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The-Real-Risks-Exporters-Face-in-Iraq-Contracts-150x100.jpg 150w, https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/The-Real-Risks-Exporters-Face-in-Iraq-Contracts.jpg 1080w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 300px) 100vw, 300px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14460\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0648\u0627\u0642\u0639\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0631 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\u0628\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u062d\u0627\u0644\u060c \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0646\u0627\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0645 \u0648 \u0633\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u062a \u0698\u0626\u0648\u067e\u0644\u06cc\u062a\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc \u0647\u0645\u0686\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0627\u0644\u0627 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u0636\u0631\u0631 \u06cc\u0627 \u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0641\u06cc\u0632\u06cc\u06a9\u06cc<\/strong>\u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u0642\u06cc\u0641\u060c \u062f\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0628\u0648\u062f \u06cc\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0637\u0648\u0631 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0639\u0648\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u0641\u062a\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062d\u0648\u06cc\u0644 \u0628\u0627 \u062a\u0623\u062e\u06cc\u0631<\/strong>\u0628\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0646 \u0645\u0631\u0632\u0647\u0627 \u06cc\u0627 \u0627\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0627\u0632\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0646\u06cc\u062a\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u0646\u0639 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0631\u0633\u0627\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0645\u0648\u0644\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/strong>\u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u067e\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062e\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u062d\u0628\u0648\u062d\u0647 \u0628\u06cc\u200c\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0647 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0646\u0627\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0622\u0633\u06cc\u0628\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631<\/strong>\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633 \u0628\u0627 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062f\u0632\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u06cc\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u062f\u0631\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0645\u0648\u0627\u062c\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u061b \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u0632\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0627\u06cc\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f\u060c \u062c\u0646\u06af\u060c \u0627\u0639\u062a\u0635\u0627\u0628\u060c \u0634\u0648\u0631\u0634 \u0648 \u0622\u0634\u0648\u0628\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u062e\u0644\u06cc (SRCC) \u0631\u0627 \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0646\u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f. \u0628\u062f\u0648\u0646 \u0627\u0641\u0632\u0648\u062f\u0646\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062e\u0627\u0635\u060c \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0631\u0636 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0646\u06af\u0641\u062a\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f. \u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0648 \u062d\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062f\u0627\u0648\u0645 \u0634\u0628\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0638\u0627\u0645\u06cc\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062a\u0623\u0633\u06cc\u0633\u0627\u062a \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u062c\u0633\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062a\u0623\u06a9\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u0627\u0646\u0647 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/2026\/04\/11\/trading-with-asean\/\">Trading with ASEAN : Opportunities, Regulations, and Market Entry Strategies<\/a><\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u0622\u0634\u0646\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0628\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af<\/strong> \u0634\u06a9\u0627\u0641 \u0627\u06cc\u062c\u0627\u062f \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0631 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062e\u0633\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0646\u0627\u0634\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u062c\u0646\u06af\u060c \u062a\u0647\u0627\u062c\u0645\u060c \u062a\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc\u0633\u0645\u060c \u062f\u0632\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0648 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0631\u0627 \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647 \u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0627\u0647 \u0645\u06cc \u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">War-risk insurance bridges the critical protection gap left by standard marine cargo policies. It serves as a specialized indemnity layer covering physical loss or damage to goods resulting from war, invasion, acts of foreign enemies, hostilities (whether war be declared or not), civil war, rebellion, revolution, insurrection, or civil strife. In the volatile landscape of Middle Eastern trade, it also encompasses risks like terrorism, piracy, and the deployment of derelict weapons of war, such as drifting mines or abandoned torpedoes.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_14461\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-14461\" class=\"wp-image-14461 size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/War-Risk-in-Iraq-600x600.avif\" alt=\"\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/War-Risk-in-Iraq-600x600.avif 600w, https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/War-Risk-in-Iraq-150x150.avif 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><p id=\"caption-attachment-14461\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">\u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u062f\u0631 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/p><\/div>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"5\"><b data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Why Standard Policies Fall Short: The 48-Hour Reality<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"6\">Most standard &#8220;All-Risk&#8221; marine cargo policies operate under the <b data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"65\">Institute Cargo Clauses (A)<\/b>, which explicitly exclude war and strikes perils via the <i data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"150\">Paramount Exclusions<\/i>. Furthermore, insurers maintain the right to cancel war risk coverage on extremely short notice\u2014typically <b data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"277\">\u06f7 \u0631\u0648\u0632<\/b>, but sometimes as little as <b data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"312\">48 hours<\/b> for highly volatile corridors.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7\"><b data-path-to-node=\"7\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">In Iraq\u2019s specific context, exporters face three unique challenges:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"8\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Hull vs. Cargo Disparity:<\/b> While your cargo might be insured, the vessel owner may lack adequate hull war risk coverage, leading to &#8220;General Average&#8221; complications if the ship is seized or damaged in the Persian Gulf.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Transshipment Vulnerabilities:<\/b> Cargo moving through Jebel Ali or Kuwait for onward transit to Iraq often requires a &#8220;Continuous Transit&#8221; extension to ensure coverage doesn&#8217;t lapse during warehouse storage.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The &#8220;Notice of Cancellation&#8221; Risk:<\/b> If tensions escalate in the Strait of Hormuz, a standard policy might drop coverage while your goods are mid-transit, leaving your capital exposed unless a &#8220;Fixed-Premium&#8221; war policy is pre-arranged.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"9\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0646\u0627\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u06af<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10\">A robust policy for the Iraqi market must include:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"11\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Hostilities and Submerged Perils:<\/b> Protection against modern naval threats and historical remnants (mines) in the Shatt al-Arab or Umm Qasr approach.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Seizure and Nationalization:<\/b> Protection if goods are confiscated by local authorities or militias due to shifting political alignments.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">SRCC (Strikes, Riots, and Civil Commotions):<\/b> This is vital for overland trucking via the Ibrahim Khalil (Turkey) or Shalamcheh (Iran) borders, where localized protests can lead to cargo theft or arson.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"11,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Contract Frustration:<\/b> Covers the inability to complete a contract due to government intervention or sudden sanctions.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"12\"><b data-path-to-node=\"12\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Practical Options for Exporters: Strategy Over Product<\/b><\/h3>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"13\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Marine War Risk (Institute War Clauses &#8211; Cargo):<\/b> This is the baseline. Ensure it is based on the latest <b data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"104\">CL255<\/b> \u06cc\u0627 <b data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"113\">CL385<\/b> clauses for maximum legal clarity.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Political Risk Insurance (PRI):<\/b> Recommended for long-term supply contracts with Iraqi government entities (State Companies). It protects against non-payment and currency inconvertibility.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Lloyd\u2019s Market Advantage:<\/b> For high-value shipments (oil &amp; gas equipment or laboratory instrumentation), sourcing coverage from specialized Lloyd\u2019s syndicates provides higher indemnity limits and faster claims processing in high-risk zones.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"14\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Pro-Tip on Pricing:<\/b> Do not treat insurance as a sunk cost. Use it as a competitive advantage. In a recent logistics project I supervised, a pre-negotiated <b data-path-to-node=\"14\" data-index-in-node=\"155\">Annual Open Cover<\/b> policy allowed the exporter to offer fixed DDP prices to a client in Baghdad, even as regional freight rates fluctuated. By locking in the war-risk premium early, they avoided the 300% surcharge spike that hit their competitors during a sudden regional escalation.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u0631\u0648\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0648 \u0645\u0644\u0627\u062d\u0638\u0627\u062a \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647<\/h3>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u062d\u0642 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0648\u062a \u0627\u0633\u062a: \u0646\u0631\u062e \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u0647 \u067e\u0627\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u060c \u0627\u0645\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642\/\u062e\u0644\u06cc\u062c \u0641\u0627\u0631\u0633\u060c \u0646\u0631\u062e \u0627\u0636\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a. \u0642\u06cc\u0645\u062a\u200c\u06af\u0630\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u06cc\u0627\u060c \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0644\u062d\u0638\u0647\u200c\u0627\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u0646\u0639\u06a9\u0633 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f - \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0637\u0642 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u062a\u0648\u0633\u0637 \u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u062a\u0647 \u0645\u0634\u062a\u0631\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u0631\u0635\u062f \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"15\"><b data-path-to-node=\"15\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Cost Trends and The Joint War Committee (JWC)<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\">Premiums for Iraq are never static. They are governed by the <b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"61\">Joint War Committee (JWC)<\/b> in London, which frequently updates its &#8220;Listed Areas.&#8221;<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"17\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"17,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Base vs. AP:<\/b> You will pay a base premium plus an <b data-path-to-node=\"17,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"49\">Additional Premium (AP)<\/b> for entering Iraqi waters or territory.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"17,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"17,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The &#8220;72-Hour Quote&#8221; Rule:<\/b> Most AP quotes are only valid for 72 hours. Timely vessel arrival is crucial to avoid re-quoting at a higher rate if the security situation deteriorates.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<div class=\"experience-note\" style=\"border: 1px dashed #293a53; padding: 15px; margin-top: 25px;\">\n<h4 style=\"text-transform: uppercase; letter-spacing: 1px;\">Pro-Tip: Incoterms Selection for Iraq Transit<\/h4>\n<p>From an operational standpoint, <strong>CPT (Carriage Paid To)<\/strong> \u06cc\u0627 <strong>DAP (Delivered at Place)<\/strong> are often risky for the seller in Iraq without a &#8220;Hub-and-Spoke&#8221; insurance model. We recommend:<\/p>\n<ol>\n<li><strong>Customized CIF:<\/strong> Extend the <em>Institute War Clauses (Cargo)<\/em> to cover the &#8220;Last Mile&#8221; from the border (e.g., Shalamcheh or Umm Qasr) to the final warehouse in Baghdad.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Demurrage Protection:<\/strong> Explicitly state that War Risk covers <em>port congestion<\/em> caused by military activity. In 2024, delays at Southern ports often lead to costs that standard FM clauses ignore.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<\/div>\n<section class=\"legal-insight-box\" style=\"background-color: #f9f9f9; padding: 20px; border-left: 5px solid #f06323; margin: 20px 0;\">\n<h3 style=\"color: #293a53;\">The Iraqi Legal Perspective: Article 146<\/h3>\n<p>While international contracts often rely on ICC standards, incorporating <strong>Article 146 of the Iraqi Civil Code<\/strong> provides a stronger safety net. Unlike standard Force Majeure, this article addresses <em>&#8220;Exceptional Circumstances&#8221;<\/em> that make a contract &#8220;oppressive&#8221; even if not impossible to perform.<\/p>\n<ul style=\"line-height: 1.8;\">\n<li><strong>Hardship vs. Impossibility:<\/strong> Ensure your clause explicitly mentions that a sudden spike in transport costs due to regional conflict triggers a price renegotiation, not just a termination.<\/li>\n<li><strong>Experience Tip:<\/strong> Iraqi courts often distinguish between &#8220;Foreign Force Majeure&#8221; and &#8220;Internal Civil Unrest.&#8221; Your contract must define both to avoid legal loopholes in Basra or Baghdad jurisdictions.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<\/section>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631: \u0633\u067e\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0648\u0642\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u062a\u0641\u0627\u0642\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0627\u0631\u0642\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u06cc\u0627 \u063a\u06cc\u0631\u0645\u0645\u06a9\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u060c \u0622\u0646 \u0631\u0627 \u062a\u0648\u062c\u06cc\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0637\u0628\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u062a\u062d\u062a \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0633\u0646\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc):<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li>\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc \u0633\u0627\u0642\u0637 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u0646\u062f (\u0627\u0635\u0648\u0644 \u0645\u0634\u0627\u0628\u0647 \u0645\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06f4\u06f2\u06f5).<\/li>\n<li>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u062a\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u0627\u0639\u0645\u0627\u0644 \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u06cc \u062d\u06a9\u0645 \u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u0646\u0647\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc \u0628\u0647 \u062f\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0646\u0627\u0622\u0631\u0627\u0645\u06cc\/\u062c\u0646\u06af \u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0646\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0631\u06cc\u062d\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0648\u0631\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0644\u063a\u0648 \u06cc\u0627 \u062a\u06a9\u0645\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f - \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0646 \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a.<\/p>\n<div id=\"attachment_17747\" style=\"width: 610px\" class=\"wp-caption aligncenter\"><a href=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Iraq-Contracts-1.jpg\"><img decoding=\"async\" aria-describedby=\"caption-attachment-17747\" class=\"wp-image-17747 size-woocommerce_thumbnail\" src=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Iraq-Contracts-1-600x600.jpg\" alt=\"Iraq B2B Contract War Risk\" width=\"600\" height=\"600\" srcset=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Iraq-Contracts-1-600x600.jpg 600w, https:\/\/tendify.net\/wp-content\/uploads\/2025\/12\/Iraq-Contracts-1-150x150.jpg 150w\" sizes=\"(max-width: 600px) 100vw, 600px\" \/><\/a><p id=\"caption-attachment-17747\" class=\"wp-caption-text\">Iraq B2B Contract War Risk<\/p><\/div>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u0686\u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0647\u0645\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062e\u0641\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f\u061f<\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"4\">In the context of Iraqi trade, a Force Majeure (FM) clause is not just boilerplate language; it is a critical &#8220;contractual shield.&#8221; While these clauses generally excuse performance when extraordinary, unforeseeable, and unavoidable events occur, their application in Iraq requires a deep understanding of the <b data-path-to-node=\"4\" data-index-in-node=\"309\">Iraqi Civil Code (Law No. 40 of 1951)<\/b>.<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"5\">Under the Iraqi legal framework, which is heavily influenced by French and Egyptian civil law traditions, obligations may be extinguished if performance becomes impossible due to an &#8220;external cause&#8221; beyond the party&#8217;s control (<b data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"227\">Article 211<\/b> and principles akin to <b data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"262\">Article 425<\/b>). However, a significant challenge exists: Iraqi courts and state-owned enterprises (SOEs) are historically reluctant to grant FM relief for &#8220;civil unrest&#8221; or &#8220;localized conflict&#8221; unless the event renders performance <i data-path-to-node=\"5\" data-index-in-node=\"491\">absolutely<\/i> impossible, rather than just economically burdensome.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"6\"><b data-path-to-node=\"6\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Why Contractual Clauses Outweigh Statutory Relief<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"7\">Relying solely on the statutory definitions of Force Majeure in Iraqi law is a high-risk strategy. The burden of proof required by Iraqi judges to establish &#8220;absolute impossibility&#8221; is exceptionally strict. By drafting an explicit, tailored FM clause, exporters can define their own thresholds for relief, such as:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"8\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Performance Suspension:<\/b> Instead of immediate termination.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Automatic Extensions:<\/b> Vital for logistics delays at the Basra ports or northern border crossings.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"8,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Cost-Sharing:<\/b> Allocation of &#8220;standby costs&#8221; during the FM period.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"9\"><b data-path-to-node=\"9\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Common Triggers Specific to the Iraqi Landscape:<\/b><\/p>\n<ol start=\"1\" data-path-to-node=\"10\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Kinetic Conflict:<\/b> Full-scale war, hostilities, or state-level military operations.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The &#8220;Non-State Actor&#8221; Variable:<\/b> Acts of terrorism, sabotage, or interference by militias and non-state groups\u2014perils that standard &#8220;War&#8221; clauses might overlook.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Sovereign Intervention:<\/b> Government-mandated curfews, sudden embargoes, or the revocation of import licenses.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"10,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Infrastructural Failure:<\/b> Regional power grid collapses or sudden closures of the Shatt al-Arab waterway.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"11\"><b data-path-to-node=\"11\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Drafting Strong, Exporter-Friendly Provisions<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"12\">To ensure your Force Majeure provision stands up to scrutiny in a Baghdad or Erbil court, it must be drafted with precision. Here is how to optimize each element:<\/p>\n<ul data-path-to-node=\"13\">\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">1. The &#8220;Granular&#8221; Definition:<\/b> Avoid generic terms. List events explicitly: <i data-path-to-node=\"13,0,0\" data-index-in-node=\"75\">&#8220;including but not limited to war, terrorism, insurrection, civil commotion, acts of militias, epidemic-related border closures, and sovereign credit freezes.&#8221;<\/i><\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">2. The Mitigation Standard:<\/b> Clauses should require &#8220;reasonable commercial efforts&#8221; to mitigate the impact. Crucially for exporters, ensure the clause specifies that the exporter is <b data-path-to-node=\"13,1,0\" data-index-in-node=\"181\">not<\/b> required to take &#8220;heroic measures&#8221; or incur costs exceeding the contract&#8217;s profit margin to bypass an FM event.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,2,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">3. Robust Notice Protocols:<\/b> Iraqi law values formal documentation. Your clause should mandate notification within a specific timeframe (e.g., 72 hours) via recorded delivery or verified digital channels, followed by a formal &#8220;Certificate of Force Majeure&#8221; issued by a Chamber of Commerce.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<li>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"13,3,0\"><b data-path-to-node=\"13,3,0\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">4. Termination for Prolonged FM:<\/b> Define a &#8220;Long-Stop Date.&#8221; If the FM event persists for more than 60 or 90 days, the exporter should have the unilateral right to terminate the contract without penalty, ensuring capital is not tied up indefinitely.<\/p>\n<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"14\"><b data-path-to-node=\"14\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Strategic Insight: The &#8220;Militia Clause&#8221;<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"15\">One of the most frequent mistakes in Iraqi contracts is using a standard &#8220;War &amp; Rebellion&#8221; clause from Western templates. In the Iraqi theater, delays are often caused by &#8220;localized disruptions&#8221; or &#8220;unofficial checkpoints.&#8221;<\/p>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"16\"><b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">Experience Tip:<\/b> Always include <b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"31\">&#8220;acts of non-state actors or armed groups&#8221;<\/b> \u0648 <b data-path-to-node=\"16\" data-index-in-node=\"78\">&#8220;disruption of public utilities&#8221;<\/b> in your list of FM events. In one contract I reviewed for a laboratory equipment tender, adding &#8220;security-related road closures&#8221; saved the exporter from massive liquidated damages when a temporary blockade in the Nasiriyah region delayed delivery by three weeks.<\/p>\n<h3 data-path-to-node=\"17\"><b data-path-to-node=\"17\" data-index-in-node=\"0\">The Mutual Trust Element<\/b><\/h3>\n<p data-path-to-node=\"18\">While the clause is designed to protect you, negotiating it as a <b data-path-to-node=\"18\" data-index-in-node=\"65\">&#8220;Mutual Relief&#8221;<\/b> provision helps build trust with Iraqi buyers. Presenting the clause as a tool for &#8220;stabilizing the partnership&#8221; rather than an &#8220;escape hatch&#8221; often leads to smoother negotiations and more favorable terms in the final agreement.<\/p>\n<h3 dir=\"auto\">\u0645\u0642\u0627\u06cc\u0633\u0647: \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/h3>\n<div>\n<div dir=\"auto\">\n<table dir=\"auto\">\n<thead>\n<tr>\n<th data-col-size=\"sm\">\u062c\u0646\u0628\u0647<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0645\u062f\u0646\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 (\u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646\u06cc)<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"lg\">\u0628\u0646\u062f \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u06cc<\/th>\n<th data-col-size=\"md\">\u0645\u0632\u06cc\u062a \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647<\/th>\n<\/tr>\n<\/thead>\n<tbody>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u062d\u0631\u06a9<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u0639\u062f\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u06a9\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0631\u062c\u06cc<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u0634\u062f\u0647 + \u0647\u0645\u0647 \u0645\u0648\u0627\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u0645\u062d\u0627\u0641\u0638\u062a \u06af\u0633\u062a\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u062a\u0631 \u0648 \u0645\u062a\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0628\u200c\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0627\u0645\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0627\u0631\u0627\u0626\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u062a\u0639\u0647\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u0627\u0632 \u0628\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0628\u0631\u062f<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u06af\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0642\/\u062e\u0627\u062a\u0645\u0647<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u0627\u0646\u0639\u0637\u0627\u0641\u200c\u067e\u0630\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0628\u0627\u0631 \u0627\u062b\u0628\u0627\u062a<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u0633\u0646\u06af\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0631 \u0645\u062f\u0639\u06cc<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u0627\u0637\u0644\u0627\u0639\u06cc\u0647\/\u0641\u0631\u0622\u06cc\u0646\u062f \u062a\u0639\u0631\u06cc\u0641\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u0641\u0631\u0627\u062e\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0622\u0633\u0627\u0646\u200c\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<tr>\n<td data-col-size=\"sm\">\u0639\u0644\u06cc\u0647 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0628\u0631\u062f \u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0627\u0647 \u0622\u0645\u06cc\u0632<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"lg\">\u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0648\u0627\u0641\u0642 \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0647<\/td>\n<td data-col-size=\"md\">\u0627\u0647\u0631\u0645 \u0642\u0648\u06cc\u200c\u062a\u0631<\/td>\n<\/tr>\n<\/tbody>\n<\/table>\n<div>\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0627\u0635\u0644 \u0627\u0632 \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0642\u0648\u0642\u06cc \u0646\u0634\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u062f\u0647\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u0647\u200c\u062e\u0648\u0628\u06cc \u062a\u062f\u0648\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647\u060c \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641\u0627\u062a 80%+ \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0631\u062d\u0644\u0647 \u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0627\u0632 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u06af\u0627\u0647 \u062d\u0644 \u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u0627\u062f\u063a\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0648 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0627\u0628\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0647\u0627 \u0645\u06a9\u0645\u0644 \u06cc\u06a9\u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631 \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u067e\u06cc\u0648\u0646\u062f \u062f\u0647\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>\u0627\u0644\u0632\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u0631 \u0628\u0647 \u062d\u0641\u0638 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647\u061b \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637 \u0628\u0627 \u0639\u0648\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u062a\u062e\u0635\u06cc\u0635 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9<\/strong>\u062a\u0639\u06cc\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u06a9\u0647 \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062c\u0646\u06af \u0631\u0627 \u0645\u062a\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f - \u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u0646\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0627\u0632 \u0637\u0631\u06cc\u0642 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u06a9\u0648\u062a\u0631\u0645\u0632 (\u0645\u062b\u0644\u0627\u064b CIP \u0634\u0627\u0645\u0644 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u0646\u06cc\u0632 \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u0634\u0648\u062f).<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634\u06af\u06cc\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u062e\u062a\u0644\u0627\u0641<\/strong>: \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062d\u0644 \u0648 \u0641\u0635\u0644 \u0633\u0631\u06cc\u0639\u060c \u062f\u0627\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u0644\u062d\u0627\u0638 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc\u060c \u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627 \u0627\u063a\u0644\u0628 \u0628\u0647 \u0646\u0641\u0639 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0647\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f - \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0635\u0648\u0635\u06cc\u060c \u0634\u0631\u0627\u06cc\u0637 \u0645\u062a\u0639\u0627\u062f\u0644\u06cc \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0646\u0628\u0627\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/p>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u0686\u06a9 \u0644\u06cc\u0633\u062a \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0647 \u06af\u0627\u0645 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642<\/h2>\n<ol dir=\"auto\">\n<li><strong>\u0627\u0631\u0632\u06cc\u0627\u0628\u06cc \u0632\u0648\u062f\u0647\u0646\u06af\u0627\u0645 \u062e\u0637\u0631\u0627\u062a<\/strong>: \u0645\u0633\u06cc\u0631 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0648 \u062c\u062f\u0648\u0644 \u0632\u0645\u0627\u0646\u06cc \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0631\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062a \u0641\u0639\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u0645 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0627\u062c\u0628\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062c\u0646\u06af<\/strong>\u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0634\u062e\u0635 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f \u0686\u0647 \u06a9\u0633\u06cc \u062e\u0631\u06cc\u062f \u0645\u06cc\u200c\u06a9\u0646\u062f \u0648 \u062d\u062f\u0627\u0642\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u062f\u0648\u062f\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0630\u06a9\u0631 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u067e\u06cc\u0634 \u0646\u0648\u06cc\u0633 \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631 \u0642\u0648\u06cc<\/strong>: \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u0644\u06af\u0648\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0628\u06cc\u0646\u200c\u0627\u0644\u0645\u0644\u0644\u06cc \u062a\u0637\u0628\u06cc\u0642 \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0627\u0646\u0648\u0646 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u06cc\u0627\u0632 \u0628\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u0627\u0647\u062f<\/strong>\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u062f\u0639\u0627\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0645\u062f\u0631\u06a9\u06cc \u062f\u0627\u0644 \u0628\u0631 \u062a\u0623\u062b\u06cc\u0631 \u0631\u0648\u06cc\u062f\u0627\u062f \u0645\u0637\u0627\u0644\u0628\u0647 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0646\u0642\u062f \u0648 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0633\u0627\u0632\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>: \u062f\u0631 \u0635\u0648\u0631\u062a \u062a\u0634\u062f\u06cc\u062f \u062a\u0647\u062f\u06cc\u062f\u0647\u0627\u060c \u0627\u062c\u0627\u0632\u0647 \u0645\u0630\u0627\u06a9\u0631\u0647 \u0645\u062c\u062f\u062f \u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f.<\/li>\n<li><strong>\u0628\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u0634\u0646\u0627\u0633\u0627\u0646 \u0645\u0634\u0648\u0631\u062a \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/strong>: \u0648\u06a9\u06cc\u0644 \u0645\u062d\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0646\u0637\u0628\u0627\u0642 \u0628\u0627 \u0642\u0648\u0627\u0646\u06cc\u0646\u061b \u06a9\u0627\u0631\u06af\u0632\u0627\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647.<\/li>\n<\/ol>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0645\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0648\u0634 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0641\u0627\u062f\u0647 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0645 \u06a9\u0647 \u062f\u06cc\u06af\u0631\u0627\u0646 \u0627\u0632 \u0622\u0646\u0647\u0627 \u0635\u0631\u0641 \u0646\u0638\u0631 \u06a9\u0631\u062f\u0647\u200c\u0627\u0646\u062f - \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u0628\u0647 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0634\u062f\u0647.<\/p>\n<p dir=\"auto\">\u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0631\u0627\u062a\u0698\u06cc\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a\u06cc \u0645\u0631\u062a\u0628\u0637\u060c \u0627\u06cc\u0646 \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u0647\u0627 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0631\u0631\u0633\u06cc \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f:<\/p>\n<ul dir=\"auto\">\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/2025\/12\/14\/iraqitenders\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">7 \u0633\u0646\u062f \u06a9\u0644\u06cc\u062f\u06cc \u06a9\u0647 \u0628\u0627\u06cc\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0647\u0631 \u0645\u0646\u0627\u0642\u0635\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u06af\u0646\u062c\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0647 \u0634\u0648\u062f (\u062a\u0645\u0631\u06a9\u0632 \u0641\u0646\u06cc)<\/a> - \u0636\u0631\u0648\u0631\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u0645\u0639\u0627\u0645\u0644\u0627\u062a \u0628\u062e\u0634 \u062f\u0648\u0644\u062a\u06cc.<\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/2025\/12\/14\/uaecurrencyexchangerisk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062a\u0628\u0627\u062f\u0644 \u0627\u0631\u0632 \u062f\u0631 \u0642\u0631\u0627\u0631\u062f\u0627\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u062a\u062c\u0627\u0631\u06cc \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u0645\u062a\u062d\u062f\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0628\u06cc: \u0631\u0627\u0647\u0646\u0645\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0645\u0644\u06cc \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u067e\u0648\u0634\u0634 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9 \u062f\u0631\u0647\u0645 \u0627\u0645\u0627\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062f\u0644\u0627\u0631 \u0622\u0645\u0631\u06cc\u06a9\u0627<\/a><\/li>\n<li><a href=\"https:\/\/tendify.net\/2025\/12\/14\/airvsseafreightchinauae\/\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">\u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u0647\u0648\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u062f\u0631 \u0645\u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u062d\u0645\u0644 \u0648 \u0646\u0642\u0644 \u062f\u0631\u06cc\u0627\u06cc\u06cc \u0627\u0632 \u0686\u06cc\u0646 \u0628\u0647 \u062c\u0628\u0644 \u0639\u0644\u06cc: \u062a\u062d\u0644\u06cc\u0644 \u0647\u0632\u06cc\u0646\u0647-\u0641\u0627\u06cc\u062f\u0647 \u0628\u0631\u0627\u06cc \u06a9\u0627\u0644\u0627\u06cc \u0634\u0645\u0627 \u062f\u0631 \u0633\u0627\u0644 2026<\/a><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n<section class=\"faq-schema-section\" style=\"margin-top: 40px;\">\n<h2 style=\"color: #f06323;\">Frequently Asked Questions: Iraq Trade Risks<\/h2>\n<div>\n<div>\n<h4>Does standard Force Majeure cover border closures in Iraq?<\/h4>\n<div>\n<div>Standard clauses may not cover administrative border closures. You must specifically include &#8220;Governmental actions and administrative border shutdowns&#8221; as a trigger for your Force Majeure clause in B2B Iraq contracts.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<div>\n<h4>What is the &#8216;War Risk Surcharge&#8217; in Iraq shipping?<\/h4>\n<div>\n<div>It is an additional fee charged by carriers to cover higher insurance premiums when navigating high-risk zones. Always define who bears this cost in your sales agreement to avoid mid-transit disputes.<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/div>\n<\/section>\n<h2 dir=\"auto\">\u0635\u0627\u062f\u0631\u0627\u062a \u062e\u0648\u062f \u0628\u0647 \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0627 \u0627\u0637\u0645\u06cc\u0646\u0627\u0646 \u062e\u0627\u0637\u0631 \u062a\u0636\u0645\u06cc\u0646 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f<\/h2>\n<p dir=\"auto\"><strong>\u0628\u06cc\u0645\u0647 \u062e\u0637\u0631 \u062c\u0646\u06af<\/strong> \u0648 <strong>\u0628\u0646\u062f\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0641\u0648\u0631\u0633 \u0645\u0627\u0698\u0648\u0631<\/strong> \u0686\u0627\u0644\u0634\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0639\u0631\u0627\u0642 \u0631\u0627 \u0628\u0647 \u0631\u06cc\u0633\u06a9\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0642\u0627\u0628\u0644 \u0645\u062f\u06cc\u0631\u06cc\u062a \u062a\u0628\u062f\u06cc\u0644 \u06a9\u0646\u06cc\u062f. \u062d\u0645\u0627\u06cc\u062a\u200c\u0647\u0627\u06cc \u0627\u0633\u062a\u0627\u0646\u062f\u0627\u0631\u062f \u062f\u0631 \u0627\u06cc\u0646\u062c\u0627 \u06a9\u0627\u0641\u06cc \u0646\u06cc\u0633\u062a\u0646\u062f - 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